What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a broad term used to describe a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These abnormal cells, also called cancer cells, can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissues and organs. Cancer can arise in almost any part of the body and can spread to other areas of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.

Cancer can develop when normal cells undergo genetic mutations that disrupt the normal mechanisms that control cell growth, division, and death. These mutations can be caused by various factors, including:

• Genetic factors: Inherited mutations passed down from parents can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. However, the majority of cancers are not directly inherited but result from acquired mutations that occur during a person's lifetime.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, ionizing radiation (e.g., from medical imaging or nuclear fallout), certain chemicals, and pollutants, can increase the risk of cancer.
• Lifestyle factors: Certain lifestyle choices, such as unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use, can increase the risk of developing cancer.
• Age: The risk of cancer increases with age, as accumulated genetic mutations and exposure to environmental factors over time can contribute to the development of cancer.

There are more than 100 different types of cancer, each with its own characteristics, symptoms, and treatment options. Some of the most common types of cancer include breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and skin cancer (such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers).

Treatment for cancer depends on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes and increase the chances of successful treatment and survival.